Tlhaloso e Felletseng ea Kalafo ea Lisele tsa CAR T
Tlhaloso e Khutšoanyane:
CAR-T (Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell), e emelang lisele tsa T tsa receptor ea antigen ea chimeric, ke ts'ebetso eo lisele tsa T tsa motho li entsoeng ka liphatsa tsa lefutso ka ntle ho 'mele hore li fetoloe, li li fe bokhoni ba ho lemoha le ho bolaea lisele tsa mofetše ka katleho pele li kenngoa hape 'meleng oa mokuli, ka hona li finyella sepheo sa ho phekola lihlahala tse kotsi.
Ha e le hantle, phekolo ea CAR-T ha e sebelisoe feela bakeng sa ho phekola kankere empa hape e na le bokhoni bo boholo masimong a mafu a 'mele a itšireletsang mafung, tšoaetso e sa foleng, lefu la pelo le mafu a amanang le botsofali.
Lisele tsa T, tse tsejoang hape e le li-lymphocyte tsa T, ke likarolo tse ka sehloohong tsa li-lymphocyte 'me li ikarabella haholo-holo bakeng sa likarabelo tsa' mele oa ho itšireletsa mafung le tšireletso ea mafu. Li na le mesebetsi e kang ho bolaea lisele tse reretsoeng ka ho toba, ho thusa le ho thibela lisele tsa B ho hlahisa li-antibodies, ho arabela li-antigen le li-mitogen tse itseng, le ho hlahisa li-cytokine.
Ehlile, sesole sa mmele sa motho ha se felle feela ho lisele tsa T; se boetse se kenyelletsa lisele tsa B, li-neutrophils, lisele tsa K, lisele tsa NK, le tse ling. Li bapala karolo ho ntšeng lihlahisoa tsa metabolism tse litšila 'meleng, ho lemoha le ho hlahisa li-antibodies, le ho khetholla le ho bolaea likokoana-hloko tse tsoang linaheng tse ling le lisele tsa kankere.
Kaha lisele tsa T li se li ntse li e-na le mosebetsi oa ho lemoha le ho bolaea lisele tsa kankere, ke hobane'ng ha ho hlokahala ho eketsa CAR ka maiketsetso liseleng tsa T ho etsa lisele tsa CAR-T ho bolaea lisele tsa kankere? Sena se re tlisa khopolong ea ho qoba ho itšireletsa mafung, e leng e 'ngoe ea litšobotsi tsa motheo tsa kankere.
Kalafo ea CAR-T, kapa kalafo ea lisele tsa CAR-T, e kenyelletsa ho arola lisele tsa T tsa mokuli, ho li atolosa ka ntle ho 'mele, ebe ho hlahisoa antigen ea sele ea hlahala CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) e entsoeng ka maiketsetso liseleng tsa T. Kamora ho sebetsoa, ts'ebetso ea anti-tumor ea li-lymphocyte tsa T e ntlafatsoa haholo pele e kenngoa hape 'meleng oa mokuli, ka hona e tsosolosa bokhoni ba lisele tsa T ba ho lemoha le ho bolaea lisele tsa kankere. Ena ke ntlha ea bohlokoa ea phekolo ea lisele tsa CAR-T.
Kalafo ea CAR-T ea Impact Bio IMPT-514 e amoheloa ke FDA.
Ka la 21 Phato, 2024, Impact Bio e phatlalalitse hore FDA e amohetse kopo ea eona ea IND bakeng sa phekolo ea IMPT-514 eo e e hlahisitseng. IMPT-514 ke phekolo ea CD19/CD20 CAR-T e 'meli e sebelisetsoang ho phekola lupus erythematosus (SLE) e sebetsang e sa sebetseng hantle. Litekong tsa liteko tsa bongaka, IMPT-514 e bontšitsoe e sebetsa hantle haholo ho hlahiseng bakuli ba nang le khatello e matla ea sesole sa 'mele ho tsoa mafung a fapaneng a autoimmune, 'me e bontšitse bokhoni bo matla ba ho tlosa lisele tsa B ka autologous ka boemo bo bobebe ba cytokine. Kalafo ea Axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR-T bakeng sa lymphoma e kholo ea B e ntse e bontša karabelo e tsitsitseng kamora lilemo tse hlano. Ka la 2 Phato, 2024, Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Oncology ea Kliniki (ASCO) o lokollotse tlaleho ea data mabapi le sekhahla sa ho phela nako e telele kamora kalafo ea lisele tsa CAR-T. Liphetho li bontšitse hore har'a bakuli ba ileng ba fuoa phekolo ea CAR-T, sekhahla sa ho phela ntle le tsoelo-pele ea lilemo tse 5 e ne e le 29%, sekhahla sa ho phela ka kakaretso ea lilemo tse 5 (OS) e ne e le 40%, 'me sekhahla sa ho phela ka lymphoma ea lilemo tse 5 e ne e le 53%, ka ho khutlela morao ka seoelo morao. Axicabtagene ciloleucel ke phekolo ea sele ea CAR-T ea autologous CD19 chimeric antigen receptor e amohetsoeng bakeng sa kalafo ea lymphoma e kholo ea B-cell e khutlileng kapa e sa laoleheng. Qetello: Sebakeng se tloaelehileng sa tlhokomelo, liphello tsa kalafo ea axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR-T li lumellana le liphetho tse tlalehiloeng litekong tsa bongaka, ka likarabelo tse tsitsitseng le tse tšoarellang tse bonoang letšoao la lilemo tse 5.
Kalafo ea pele ea CAR-T e atlehileng lefatšeng bakeng sa lefu la autoimmune.
Ka la 4 Mphalane, 2024, webosaete ea Nature e ile ea e-ba sehlooho sa tlaleho e hlahisang sephetho sa lipatlisiso ho tsoa sehlopheng sa Chaena. Bo-rasaense ba sebelisitse theknoloji ea ho hlophisa liphatsa tsa lefutso ea CRISPR-Cas9 ho ntlafatsa liphatsa tsa lefutso lisele tse phetseng hantle tsa CAR-T tse tsoang ho bafani tse shebaneng le CD19, ho nts'etsapele moloko o mocha oa phekolo ea CAR-T ea allogeneic e thusitseng bakuli ba bararo ba nang le mafu a tebileng a autoimmune ho fumana phomolo ea nako e telele.
