Ho latela lintlha tsa 2020 tsa Global Cancer Burden tse lokollotsoeng ke Setsi sa Machabeng sa Lipatlisiso ka Kankere (IARC),kankere ea matsoelee bakile likotsi tse ncha tse limilione tse 2.26 lefatšeng ka bophara, tse fetang mofetše oa matšoafo ka batho ba limilione tse 2.2.Ka karolo ea 11.7% ea linyeoe tse ncha tsa mofetše, kankere ea matsoele e hlahella pele, e etsa hore e be mofuta o atileng haholo oa kankere.Linomoro tsena li phahamisitse tlhokomeliso le kameho har'a basali ba se nang palo mabapi le maqhutsu a matsoele le boima ba matsoele.
Seo U Lokelang ho se Tseba ka Maqhutsu a Matsoele
Maqhutsu a matsoele hangata a bolela maqhubu kapa boima bo fumanoang letsoeleng.Bongata ba maqhutsu ana a kotsi (ha a na mofetše).Mabaka a mang a tloaelehileng a kotsi a kenyelletsa tšoaetso ea matsoele, fibroadenomas, li-cysts tse bonolo, mafura a necrosis, liphetoho tsa fibrocystic, le intraductal papillomas.
Matshwao a Temoso:
Leha ho le joalo, karolo e nyenyane ea maqhutsu a matsoele e ka ba kotsi (kankere), ’me a ka ’na a bontša tse latelangmatšoao a lemosang:
- Boholo:Maqhutsu a maholoanyanetšekamelo ea ho hlahisa matšoenyeho habonolo.
- Sebopeho:Maqhutsu a nang le mahlakore a sa tloaelehang kapa a makukunoho ba le monyetla o moholo oa ho tšoaroa ke lefu.
- Sebopeho: Haeba ho na le nodulee utloa e le thata kapa e na le sebopeho se sa lekanang ha e theoa, ho hlokahala lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng.Sena ke sa bohlokoa haholo ho basalililemo tse fetang 50, ha kotsi ea ho tšoaroa ke lefu e ntse e eketseha ka lilemo.
Tlhahlobo ea Nodule ea Matsoele le Bohlokoa ba Tlhahlobo ea Pele ea Kankere ea Matsoele
Liphuputso li bontšitse hore le hoja palo ea batho ba tšoaroang ke kankere ea matsoele e ntse e eketseha, palo ea batho ba shoang ka lebaka la kankere ea matsoele e ’nile ea fokotseha linaheng tsa Bophirimela lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng.Lebaka le ka sehloohong la ho fokotseha hona le ka amahanngoa le katoloso ea mekhoa ea tlhahlobo le kalafo kapele, 'me tlhahlobo ea mofetše oa matsoele e le eona karolo ea bohlokoa.
1. Mekhoa ea Tlhahlobo
- Hajoale, lipatlisiso mabapi le liphapang tsa kutloelo-bohloko lipakeng tsa mekhoa e fapaneng ea tlhahlobo li tsoa haholo linaheng tsa Bophirima.Litlhahlobo tsa matsoele tsa bongaka li na le kutlo e tlase ha li bapisoa le mekhoa ea ho nka litšoantšo.Har'a mekhoa ea ho etsa litšoantšo, litšoantšo tsa magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) li na le maikutlo a phahameng ka ho fetisisa, ha mammography le matsoele a ultrasound li na le maikutlo a tšoanang.
- Mammography e na le monyetla o ikhethang oa ho lemoha lipalo tse amanang le mofetše oa matsoele.
- Bakeng sa maqeba a matsoele a teteaneng, ultrasound ea matsoele e na le kutlo e phahameng haholo ho feta mammography.
- Ho kenyelletsa litšoantšo tsa ultrasound tsa sefuba kaofela ho mammography ho ka eketsa haholo sekhahla sa ho lemoha mofetše oa matsoele.
- Kankere ea matsoele e batla e atile haholo ho basali ba pele ho nako ea ho ilela khoeli ba nang le letsoalo le phahameng la matsoele.Ka hona, tšebeliso e kopantsoeng ea mammography le litšoantšo tsa ultrasound tsa sefuba kaofela li utloahala haholoanyane.
- Bakeng sa letšoao le khethehileng la ho tsoa ha nipple, intraductal endoscopy e ka fana ka tlhahlobo e tobileng ea pono ea tsamaiso ea matsoele ho fumana ho se tloaelehe ho teng ka har'a likotopo.
- Hajoale MRI e khothaletsoa machabeng bakeng sa batho ba kotsing e kholo ea ho tšoaroa ke mofetše oa matsoele bophelo bohle ba bona, joalo ka ba nang le liphetoho tsa pathogenic ho liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa BRCA1/2.
2.Ho itlhahloba khafetsa Matsoele
Ho itlhahloba matsoele ho ile ha khothaletsoa nakong e fetileng, empa liphuputso tsa morao tjena li bontša seoha e fokotse ho shoa ha kankere ea matsoele.Khatiso ea 2005 ea tataiso ea Mokhatlo oa Kankere oa Amerika (ACS) ha e sa khothalletsa hore khoeli le khoeli ho itlhahlobe ka matsoele e le mokhoa oa ho lemoha kankere ea matsoele kapele.Leha ho le joalo, ho itlhahloba khafetsa matsoele ho ntse ho na le boleng bo itseng mabapi le ho tsebahatsa mofetše oa matsoele ka morao ho nako le ho fumana mofets'e o ka bang teng lipakeng tsa tlhahlobo e tloaelehileng.
3.Bohlokoa ba Tlhahlobo ea Pele
Tlhahlobo ea pele ea kankere ea matsoele e na le melemo e mengata ea bohlokoa.Mohlala, ho lemoha mofetše oa matsoele o sa hlaseleng ho ka qoba tlhoko ea chemotherapy.Ho feta moo,ho lemoha kankere ea matsoele kapele ho fana ka menyetla e mengata ea phekolo ea ho baballa matsoele, e bolokang lesela la matsoele.E boetse e eketsa menyetla ea ho qoba opereishene ea axillary lymph node dissection, e ka bakang ho senyeha ha mosebetsi lithong tse ka holimo.Ka hona, ho hlahlojoa ka nako e nepahetseng ho lumella mekhoa e mengata ea phekolo le ho fokotsa tšusumetso e ka bang teng ho boleng ba bophelo.
Mekhoa le Mekhoa ea Tlhahlobo ea Pele
1. Tlhahlobo ea Pele: Maqeba a Pele a Matsoele le Bopaki ba Pathological
Liphetho tsa morao-rao tsa lipatlisiso li bonts'a hore tlhahlobo ea mofets'e ka ho sebelisa mammography e ka fokotsa kotsi ea selemo le selemo ea lefu la mofetše oa matsoele ka 20% ho isa ho 40%.
2. Tlhahlobo ea Pathological
- Tlhahlobo ea pathological e nkoa e le tekanyetso ea khauta.
- Mokhoa o mong le o mong oa ho nka litšoantšo o na le mekhoa e lumellanang ea sampole ea pathological.Kaha maqeba a mangata a asymptomatic a fumanoeng a le bobebe, mokhoa o nepahetseng e lokela ho ba o nepahetseng, o ka tšeptjoang, 'me o seke oa hlasela.
- Ultrasound-guided core core biopsy ke mokhoa o ratoang, o sebetsang ho feta 80% ea linyeoe.
3. Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa tsa Tlhahlobo ea Pele ea Kankere ea Matsoele
- Maikutlo a matle: Ke habohlokoa hore u se ke ua hlokomoloha bophelo bo botle ba matsoele empa hape u se ke ua tšaba.Kankere ea matsoele ke lefu le sa foleng la hlahala le arabelang haholo kalafong.Ka phekolo e sebetsang, maemo a mangata a ka finyella bophelo ba nako e telele.Senotlolo keho nka karolo ka mafolofolo tlhahlobong ea pele ho fokotsa phello ea mofetše oa matsoele bophelong bo botle.
- Mekhoa e tšepahalang ea tlhahlobo: Litsing tsa litsebi, ho khothaletsoa mokhoa o felletseng o kopanyang litšoantšo tsa ultrasound le mammography.
- Ho hlahlojoa khafetsa: Ho qala ho tloha lilemong tse 35 ho isa ho tse 40, ho kgothaletswa ho etsa tlhahlobo ya matswele selemo se seng le se seng ho isa ho tse 2.
Nako ea poso: Aug-11-2023